With peace restored, Smith's group returned to Caldwell County. According to an article in the Elders' Journal a Latter Day Saint newspaper published in Far West "The Saints here are at perfect peace with all the surrounding inhabitants, and persecution is not so much as once named among them"[18]. ", "Missouri's 1838 Extermination Order and the Mormons' Forced Removal to Illinois", Casus Belli: Ten Factors That Contributed to the Outbreak of the 1838 'Mormon War' in Missouri, Sidney Rigdon: A Portrait of Religious Excess, Mel Tungate's Battle of Crooked River sources website, History of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Volume 2 Chapter 11, Length of U.S. participation in major wars, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1838_Mormon_War&oldid=1126713077, Religiously motivated violence in the United States, Articles with dead external links from August 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with dead external links from April 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Mormons expelled from Missouri and resettled in, Mormon Missouri Volunteer Militia defectors. During the fall of 1838, as tensions escalated during what is now known as the Mormon Missouri War, the Danites were apparently absorbed into militias largely composed of Latter-day Saints. In addition, LeSueur views the conflict as an expression of attitudes and beliefs that have fostered a vigilante tradition in the United States. After the inquiry, all but a few of the Mormon prisoners were released, but Joseph Smith, Sidney Rigdon, Lyman Wight, Caleb Baldwin, Hyrum Smith and Alexander McRae were held in the Liberty Jail in Liberty, Clay County on charges of treason against the state, murder, arson, burglary, robbery and larceny. Sheriff J.H. Rumors among both parties spread that there were casualties in the conflict. Even militia commanders such as Clark, Doniphan, and Atchison who were sympathetic to the Mormons came to see a military response as the only way to bring the situation under control.[74]. At the start of the brawl, Mormon John Butler let out a call, "Oh yes, you Danites, here is a job for us!" On the Mormon side, Danite leader Gideon Carter was killed in the battle and nine other Mormons were wounded, including Patten, who soon after died from his wounds. [79], None of the Missourians were ever prosecuted for their role in the Haun's Mill Massacre. [56], During the days that followed, Latter Day Saint vigilantes under the direction and encouragement of Lyman Wight drove Missourians who lived in outlying farms from their homes, which were similarly plundered and burned. Although Mormons won the battle, they took heavier casualties than the Missourians. When a Mormon band plundered and burned the Taylor home, one young Mormon, Benjamin F Johnson, argued his fellow vigilantes into leaving a horse for a pregnant Mrs Taylor and her children to ride to safety. Fight against grand gangsters and crime lords to finish mafia crime from city. 3 Shot, Sumter Mob Hangs Negro. They also sent a request for assistance to Governor Boggs, noting that the mob had threatened "to exterminate them, without regard to age or sex". [27] Two days after Rigdon preached his Salt Sermon, 80 prominent Mormons, including Hyrum Smith, signed the so-called Danite Manifesto, which warned the dissenters to "depart or a more fatal calamity shall befall you". The vigilante mob that tarred and feathered Partridge was a group that held meetings and signed resolutions. De Witt possessed a strategically important location near the intersection of the Grand River and the Missouri River. New converts to Mormonism continued to relocate to Missouri and settle in Clay County. The Latter Day Saints were to give up their leaders for trial and to surrender all of their arms. The Mormons' economic cohesion allowed for them to dominate the local economy and also became a large voting bloc, threatening the interests of the . Soon the "old Missourians" and the LDS settlers were engaged in a conflict sometimes referred to as the 1838 Mormon War. The refinement, the charity of our age, will not brook it.[107]. One of the principal points of conflict in the 1838 Missouri Mormon War, the battle resulted in Missouri Executive Order 44, sometimes called the . Published July 23, 2017. 1838 Mormon War Many of Boggs's constituents felt that he had mis-managed the situation, by failing to intervene earlier in the crisis, and then by overreacting on the basis of partial and incorrect information. He stated that General Parks reported to him that "a portion of the men from Carroll County, with one piece of artillery, are on their march for Daviess County, where it is thought the same lawless game is to be played over, and the Mormons to be driven from that county and probably from Caldwell County." Coming on the heels of news from Daviess County, these reports from the mouths of dissenting Mormon leaders seemed to confirm the Missourians' worst fears. Once Latter-day Saints were disarmed, mounted squads visited Mormon settlements with threats and enough beatings and destruction of homes to force flight. [57] The plundered goods were deposited in the Bishop's storehouse at Diahman. [95], Joseph Smith Jr attempted to negotiate with Lucas, but it became clear that Lucas considered his conditions to be non-negotiable. When the Missourian raiders approached the settlement on the afternoon of October 30, some 30 to 40 Latter Day Saint families were living or encamped there. The specific dates of the war are from August 6, 1838, (the Gallatin election battle) to November 1, 1838, when Joseph Smith surrendered at Far West. Office of the Secretary of State of Missouri (1841). This is the talk page for discussing improvements to the 1838 Mormon War article. [26][28][29], On July 4, Sidney Rigdon gave an oration, which was characterized by Mormon historian Brigham Henry Roberts as a "'Declaration of Independence' from all mobs and persecutions. After the stress of being expelled from Millport into the snow, Milford Donaho's wife gave birth prematurely, and the child was severely injured during the birth. With one child in each arm, she waded across an icy creek to safety in Adam-ondi-Ahman. On October 29, this large vigilante band of some 250 men assembled and entered eastern Caldwell County. The Missouri Argus published an editorial on December 20, 1838, that public opinion should not permit the Mormons to forcibly be expelled from the state: They cannot be driven beyond the limits of the statethat is certain. [101], The defendants, consisting of about 60 men including Joseph Smith and Sidney Rigdon, were turned over to a civil court of inquiry in Richmond under Judge Austin A. On October 24, 1838, three Mormons were captured by the Missourians and a troop was organized to go free them. The Latter-day Saints were to give up their leaders for trial and to surrender all of their arms. Other Mormons, fearing similar retribution by the Missourians, gathered into Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection.[56]. "[58], The Missourians evicted from their homes were no better prepared than the Mormon refugees had been. Lyman Wight took his army and attacked Millport. In August-November 1838, Mormons and their "Gentile" Missourian neighbors clashed in the Mormon War of 1838. At 8:00am, Joseph sent word to Far West to surrender.[94]. [74], While the State Militia gathered, Missouri unorganized Militia continued to act on their own, driving Mormons inward to Far West and Adam-ondi-Ahman. LDS Living. 1838 Mormon War. [13] In Daviess County, where Whigs and Democrats had been roughly evenly balanced, Mormon population reached a level where they could determine election results.[22]. Gen. Doniphan's Recollections of the Troubles of that Early Time. This triggered a brawl between the bystanders. Lilburn Boggs, as a Jackson county resident, and as Lieutenant Governor, was in a position to observe and assist in executing the tactics described by one Mormon historian: In 1833 Boggs passively saw community leaders and officials sign demands for Mormon withdrawal, and next force a gunbarrel contract to abandon the county before spring plantinganti-Mormon goals were reached in a few simple stages. On Sunday, October 14, a small company of state militia under the command of Colonel William A. Dunn of Clay County arrived in Far West. [80] But if you've never heard of it, don't feel bad. [79], Most Mormons gathered to Far West and Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection. Finding 10-year-old Sardius Smith hiding behind the bellows, William Reynolds of Livingston County shot and killed the boy, saying: "Nits will make lice, and if he had lived he would have become a Mormon"[79], In all, 17 Latter Day Saints were killed in what came to be called the Haun's Mill Massacre. [75], Meanwhile, exaggerated reports from the Battle of Crooked River made their way to Missouri's governor, Lilburn Boggs. The Mormon War is a name that . On October 19, 1838, the day after Gallatin was burned, Thomas B. Marsh and fellow apostle Orson Hyde left the association of the Church. [53] On October 18, these Mormons began to act as vigilantes and marched under arms in three groups to the Missourian settlements of Gallatin, Millport and Grindstone Fork. The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. Sheriff J.H. Reynolds determined the man in question was Orrin Porter Rockwell, a close associate of the Mormon prophet Joseph Smith, Jr. [102][103], During a transfer to another prison in the spring of 1839, Smith escaped. [44], As tensions built in Daviess County, other counties began to respond to Carroll County's request for assistance in expelling the Mormons from their county. [40][41] [1], Forcefully deprived of their homes and property, the Latter Day Saints temporarily settled in the area around Jackson County, especially in Clay County. Unfortunately, the shop had large gaps between the logs which the Missourians shot into and, as one Mormon later recalled, it became more "slaughter-house rather than a shelter. Lathrop's wife and remaining children died shortly after their rescue. According to an article in the Elders' Journal a Latter Day Saint newspaper published in Far West "The Saints here are at perfect peace with all the surrounding inhabitants, and persecution is not so much as once named among them"[17]. [4] The Battle of Crooked River was a skirmish between Latter Day Saint (Mormon) forces and Missouri state militia unit from southeast of Elmira, Missouri in Ray County under the command of Samuel Bogart. John C. Bennett, a disaffected Mormon, reported that Smith had offered a cash reward to anyone who would assassinate Boggs, and that Smith had admitted to him that Rockwell had done the deed. [1], With the refusal of the Governor or Legislature to intervene, and having surrendered the bulk of their firearms, Mormons were left nearly defenseless to face the mob. [70], Meanwhile, exaggerated reports from the Battle of Crooked River made their way to Missouri's governor, Lilburn Boggs. 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