[167] Uruguay has won the Copa Amrica (an international tournament for South American nations and guests) 15 times, such as Argentina, the last one in 2011. [103] Gross public sector debt contracted in the second quarter of 2010, after five consecutive periods of sustained increase, reaching $21.885billion US dollars, equivalent to 59.5% of the GDP. [93], The Uruguayan armed forces are constitutionally subordinate to the president, through the minister of defense. Lessa, F. and Druliolle, V. [157] Nevertheless, a Carlos Gardel museum was established in 1999 in Valle Edn, near Tacuaremb.[158]. The number of union members has quadrupled since 2003, rising from 110,000 to more than 400,000 in 2015 for a working population of 1.5 million.According to the International Trade Union Confederation, Uruguay has become the most advanced country in the Americas in terms of respect for "fundamental labour rights, in particular the freedom of association, the right to collective bargaining and the right to strike. There are two Montevideo-based football clubs, Nacional and Pearol, who are successful in domestic and South American tournaments and have won three Intercontinental Cups each. [53], Following the 2001 Argentine credit default, prices in the Uruguayan economy made a variety of services, including information technology and architectural expertise, once too expensive in many foreign markets, exportable. 3,825 residence permits were awarded in 2009, compared with 1,216 in 2005. [162] Although it sells only about 16,000 copies a week, its estimated readership exceeds 50,000. [73], Uruguay adopted its current constitution in 1967. [128][129] Most of the electricity comes from hydroelectric facilities and wind parks. 30.1% reported believing in a god, but not belonging to any religion, while 14% were atheist or agnostic. Covering an area of 176,000 sq.km, Uruguay is South America's 2nd smallest nation. [61] In 2020, he was succeeded by Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou, member of the conservative National Party, after 15 years of left-wing rule, as the 42nd President of Uruguay. [131], Uruguayans are of predominantly European origin, with over 87.7% of the population claiming European descent in the 2011 census. [112], In 2013, 2.8million tourists entered Uruguay, of whom 59% came from Argentina and 14% from Brazil, with Chileans, Paraguayans, North Americans and Europeans accounting for most of the remainder.[112]. [132] [32] Uruguay's early 19th-century history was shaped by ongoing fights for dominance in the Platine region,[32] between British, Spanish, Portuguese and other colonial forces. South America Church Statistics. The military government persecuted leftists, socialists, and political opponents, resulting in deaths and numerous instances of torture by the military; the military relinquished power to a civilian government in 1985. [25] There are also important communities of Japanese. [119][120], The Punta del Este International Airport, located 15 kilometres (9.3mi) from Punta del Este in the Maldonado Department, is the second busiest air terminal in Uruguay, built by the Uruguayan architect Carlos Ott it was inaugurated in 1997.[116]. He has been serving as a member of the Twelfth Quorum of the Seventy in the Utah Area. El Sporting de Gijn recibe al Valencia en un nico partido por Copa del Rey para meterse en los cuartos de final del certamen. [48] According to Edy Kaufman (cited by David Altman[49]), Uruguay at the time had the highest per capita number of political prisoners in the world. [73], The legislative power is constituted by the General Assembly, composed of two chambers: the Chamber of Representatives, consisting of 99 members representing the 19 departments, elected for a five-year term based on proportional representation; and the Chamber of Senators, consisting of 31 members, 30 of whom are elected for a five-year term by proportional representation and the vice-president, who presides over the chamber. For example, Montevideo receives approximately 1,100 millimetres (43in) of precipitation per year, while the city of Rivera in the northeast receives 1,600 millimetres (63in). The Administracin de Ferrocarriles del Estado is the autonomous agency in charge of rail transport and the maintenance of the railroad network. [44] A new constitution was promulgated in 1934, transferring powers to the president. The area that became Uruguay was first inhabited by groups of huntergatherers 13,000 years ago. [104], According to IMF estimates, Uruguay was likely to achieve growth in real GDP of between 8% and 8.5% in 2010, followed by 5% growth in 2011 and 4% in subsequent years. Jan 2022 - Present1 year 1 month. The relationship between the United States and Uruguay is strong. [35] Rivera declared war on Rosas in 1839. Montevideo is the southernmost capital city in the Americas, and the third most southerly in the world (only Canberra and Wellington are further south). Montevideo is the southernmost capital city in the Americas and the chief port as well as the cultural, educational, commercial and financial center of Uruguay. [155], Uruguayan culture is strongly European and its influences from southern Europe are particularly important. He was president of the Uruguay Montevideo West. Progressive, stable, safe and culturally sophisticated, Uruguay offers visitors opportunities to experience everyday not made for tourists moments, whether The percentage further increases to 82.4% when cattle breeding is linked to other farm activities such as dairy, forage, and rotation with crops such as rice. [65], Located entirely within the southern temperate zone, Uruguay has a climate that is relatively mild and fairly uniform nationwide. Uruguay hosted the official Basketball World Cup for the 1967 FIBA World Championship and the official Americas Basketball Championship in 1988, 1997 and is a host of the 2017 FIBA AmeriCup. On his first day in office in March 1985, Sanguinetti re-established complete freedom of the press. limita al noreste con brasil estado de ro grande del sur , al oeste y suroeste con argentina provincias de corrientes, entre ros y buenos aires, y la ciudad autnoma de buenos aires (separada por [76], For most of Uruguay's history, the Partido Colorado has been in government. [32] As of February 2010, Uruguay had 1,136 military personnel deployed to Haiti in support of MINUSTAH and 1,360 deployed in support of MONUC in the Congo. On 15 June 1838, an army led by the Colorado leader Rivera overthrew President Oribe, who fled to Argentina. Historical monuments such as Torres Garcia Museum as well as Estadio Centenario, which housed the first world cup in history, are examples. Uruguay (officially Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country in South America. [25] In 2017 the average total fertility rate (TFR) across Uruguay was 1.70 children born per woman, below the replacement rate of 2.1, it remains considerably below the high of 5.76 children born per woman in 1882. More than 97%[127] of Uruguay's electricity comes from renewable energy. [169], Uruguay exported 1,414 football players during the 2000s, almost as many players as Brazil and Argentina. [13][14] It is the lowest ranking South American nation in the Global Terrorism Index, and ranks second in the continent on economic freedom, income equality, per-capita income, and inflows of FDI. Keith M. Dunford, 61, and Lori B. Dunford, eight children, Snowflake 9th Ward, Snowflake Arizona Stake: Uruguay Montevideo West Mission, succeeding President Ryan K. Olsen and Sister Julie Olsen. [54] Vzquez stuck to economic orthodoxy. Located in the southern part of the country, on the northeastern shore of the Rio de la Plata estuary is, Montevideo - the capital, the largest and the most populous city of Uruguay. [137], Metropolitan Montevideo is the only large city, with around 1.9million inhabitants, or more than half the country's total population. [147], Uruguayan Spanish, as is the case with neighboring Argentina, employs both voseo and yesmo (with [] or []). There are several interpretations, including "bird-river" ("the river of the ur", via Charruan, ur being a common noun of any wild fowl). The country has several international bus services[123] connecting the capital and frontier localities to neighboring countries. The Spanish founded Montevideo as a military stronghold in the early 18th century because of the competing claims over the region. The average annual temperature of the country is 17.5C (63.5F), ranging from 16C (61F) in the southeast to 19C (66F) in the northwest. An armed group, known as the Tupamaros emerged in the 1960s, engaging in activities such as bank robbery, kidnapping and assassination, in addition to attempting an overthrow of the government. The United States and Uruguay established diplomatic relations in 1867. [73] The Executive Power is exercised by the president and a cabinet of 13 ministers. [25], From about the same period came the romantic poetry of Juan Zorrilla de San Martn (18551931), who wrote epic poems about Uruguayan history. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to enter the region of present-day Uruguay in 1512. [46] The media were censored or banned, the trade union movement was destroyed and tons of books were burned after the banning of some writers' works. Also notable are Juana de Ibarbourou (18951979), Delmira Agustini (18661914), Idea Vilario (19202009), and the short stories of Horacio Quiroga and Juan Jos Morosoli (18991959). In 1973, amid increasing economic and political turmoil, the armed forces, asked by the President Juan Mara Bordaberry, disbanded Parliament and established a civilian-military regime. [152], Uruguay is part of the One Laptop per Child project, and in 2009 became the first country in the world to provide a laptop for every primary school student,[154] as part of the Plan Ceibal. Less successfully, they introduced rugby and cricket. [142] Among the sizeable Armenian community in Montevideo, the dominant religion is Christianity, specifically Armenian Apostolic. [170], Football was taken to Uruguay by English sailors and labourers in the late 19th century. [56][57] Abortion was legalized in 2012,[58] followed by same-sex marriage[59] and cannabis in the following year. [152] In the 2006 PISA test, Uruguay had one of the greatest standard deviations among schools, suggesting significant variability by socio-economic level. Most of the Uruguayan dishes are from Spain, France, Italy and Brazil, the result of immigration caused by past wars in Europe. Other typical desserts include the Pastafrola (a type of cake filled with quince jelly), Chaj (meringue, sponge cake, whipped cream and fruits, typically peaches and strawberries are added). [73], The judicial arm is exercised by the Supreme Court, the Bench and Judges nationwide. [32] In December 2010, Uruguayan Major General Gloodtdofsky, was appointed Chief Military Observer and head of the United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan. Those guests may organize custom tours through the Destination Services Desk on board. [90], On 15 March 2011, Uruguay became the seventh South American nation to officially recognize a Palestinian state,[91] although there was no specification for the Palestinian state's borders as part of the recognition. The First Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has called 164 new mission presidents and companions; most will begin service in July. Pressure groups (consisting mainly of businessmen, hacendados, and industrialists) were organized and had a strong influence on government. [24], Since May 2009, homosexuals have been allowed to serve in the military after the defense minister signed a decree stating that military recruitment policy would no longer discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation. [33] Once the troops from Buenos Aires had withdrawn, the Banda Oriental appointed its first autonomous government. [53] Commercial ties between the two countries have expanded substantially in recent years, with the signing of a bilateral investment treaty in 2004 and a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement in January 2007. general assessment: Uruguay has an advanced telecom market, with excellent infrastructure and one of the highest broadband penetration rates in Latin America; fixed-line teledensity is also particularly high for the region, while mobile penetration is the second highest after Panama; in terms of computer penetration, Uruguay tops all other countries in the region by a considerable margin, and this has facilitated growth in fixed-line broadband [37] In 1865, the Triple Alliance was formed by the emperor of Brazil, the president of Argentina, and the Colorado general Venancio Flores, the Uruguayan head of government whom they both had helped to gain power. [32] Armed forces personnel number about 14,000 for the Army, 6,000 for the Navy, and 3,000 for the Air Force. [25], Abstract painter and sculptor Carlos Pez Vilar was a prominent Uruguayan artist. El Pas, the paper of the rival Blanco Party, has the largest circulation. ", "Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries", "Uruguay Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project", "Los uruguayos y la religin - Opcin Consultores - Portal de Opinin Pblica", "Encuesta Continua de Hogares 2008 Religion", "Armenian General Benevolent Union Publications", "UMM | Latin American Area Studies Countries", "Explore Uruguay About Uruguay Government", "Encuesta Continua de Hogares (ECH) Instituto Nacional de Estadstica", "Invest in Uruguay Unidad de Apoyo al Sector Privado", Uruguay, Secondary and technical education and teacher training support program, "Uruguay becomes first nation to provide a laptop for every primary school student", "Argentina, Uruguay bury hatchet to snatch tango honor", "Are You Ready For the Uruguayan Invasion? [32], A 2017 IADB report on labor conditions for Latin American nations, ranked Uruguay as the region's leader overall and in all but one subindexes, including gender, age, income, formality and labor participation. WebLead Material Analyst. The law was voted at the Uruguayan Senate on the same date with 16 votes to approve it and 13 against. Casapueblo is a "livable sculpture" and draws thousands of visitors from around the world. [116], Carrasco International Airport was initially inaugurated in 1947 and in 2009, Puerta del Sur, the airport owner and operator, with an investment of $165million, commissioned Rafael Violy Architects to expand and modernize the existing facilities with a spacious new passenger terminal to increase capacity and spur commercial growth and tourism in the region. It is a word in Guarani that was spoken by the natives of the area. Neither side gained the upper hand and in 1828 the Treaty of Montevideo, fostered by the United Kingdom through the diplomatic efforts of Viscount John Ponsonby, gave birth to Uruguay as an independent state. Ryan K. Olsen Region. [136] 50% of new legal residents come from Argentina and Brazil. President Jorge Pacheco declared a state of emergency in 1968, followed by a further suspension of civil liberties in 1972. Most Uruguayans of European ancestry are descendants of 19th and 20th century immigrants from Spain and Italy,[32] and to a lesser degree Germany, France and Britain. WebUruguayans ( Spanish: uruguayos) are people identified with the country of Uruguay, through citizenship or descent. On the map, surrounded by its large neighbors, Uruguay seems tiny, writes contemporary Uruguayan historian and novelist Eduardo Galeano. [41] During this authoritarian period, the government took steps toward the organization of the country as a modern state, encouraging its economic and social transformation. According to one source, around 180 Uruguayans are known to have been killed and disappeared, with thousands more illegally detained and tortured during the 12-year civil-military rule of 1973 to 1985. Folk music is called canto popular and includes some guitar players and singers such as Alfredo Zitarrosa, Jos Carbajal "El Sabalero", Daniel Viglietti, Los Olimareos, and Numa Moraes. The small numbers of Uruguay's indigenous peoples and their fierce resistance to proselytism reduced the influence of the ecclesiastical authorities. [37], The first railway line was assembled in Uruguay in 1867 with the opening of a branch consisting of a horse-drawn train. The telephone system is completely digitized and has very good coverage over all the country. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit in 2012, Uruguay scored an 8.17 in the Democracy Index and ranked equal 18th amongst the 25 countries considered to be full democracies in the world. Venezuela had a deal to sell Uruguay up to 40,000 barrels of oil a day under preferential terms. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while bordering the Ro de la Plata to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. [152], Uruguay ranks high on standardised tests such as PISA at a regional level, but compares unfavourably to the OECD average, and is also below some countries with similar levels of income. The Colorados favored the exiled Argentine liberal Unitarios, many of whom had taken refuge in Montevideo while the Blanco president Manuel Oribe was a close friend of the Argentine ruler Manuel de Rosas. [34] The nation's first constitution was adopted on 18 July 1830.[32]. [130], In 2021, Uruguay had, in terms of installed renewable electricity, 1,538 MW in hydropower, 1,514 MW in wind power (35th largest in the world), 258 MW in solar power (66nd largest in the world), and 423 MW in biomass. [39] After two years of struggle, a peace agreement was signed in 1872 that gave the Blancos a share in the emoluments and functions of government, through control of four of the departments of Uruguay. The 1999 national elections were held under a new electoral system established by a 1996 constitutional amendment. [85] The ensuing dispute remained a subject of controversy into 2010, particularly after ongoing reports of increased water contamination in the area were later proven to be from sewage discharge from the town of Gualeguaych in Argentina. [70] The southeast is considerably cooler than the rest of the country, especially during spring, when the ocean with cold water after the winter cools down the temperature of the air and brings more humidity to that region. [66] Summers are tempered by winds off the Atlantic, and severe cold in winter is unknown. The 19th-century painter Juan Manuel Blanes, whose works depict historical events, was the first Uruguayan artist to gain widespread recognition. The state intervened by trying to bail out failing companies and banks. Between 1875 and 1890, the military became the center of power. So far, the disputed areas remain de facto under Brazilian control, with little to no actual effort by Uruguay to assert its claims. Mate (drink) is the most typical beverage in Uruguay, being a portable beverage that Uruguayans take to all manner of places. [25] His book Ariel (1900) deals with the need to maintain spiritual values while pursuing material and technical progress. Even though both temperature and precipitation are quite uniform nationwide, there are considerable differences across the territory. Originally they were Vaudois, who become Waldensians, giving their name to the city Colonia Valdense, which translated from the Spanish means "Waldensian Colony". He was elected President of the Neurological Society of India (1956), 21 vice-president of the WFN (1969-1973), and president of the World Congress of Neurology in New Delhi, 1989. [16] It ranks high on global measures of personal rights, tolerance, and inclusion issues,[17] including its acceptance of the LGBT community. [62], With 176,214km2 (68,037sqmi) of continental land and 142,199km2 (54,903sqmi) of jurisdictional water and small river islands,[63] Uruguay is the second smallest sovereign nation in South America (after Suriname) and the third smallest territory (French Guiana is the smallest). Minister of Economy and Finance Alejandro Vgh Villegas seeks to promote the financial sector and foreign investment. [25] Uruguayans of many classes and backgrounds enjoy reading historietas, comic books that often blend humour and fantasy with thinly veiled social criticism. He never lived in Uruguay. Daily meals vary between meats, pasta of all types, rice, sweet desserts and others. [111], According to FAOSTAT, Uruguay is one of the world's largest producers of soybeans (9th), wool (12th), horse meat (14th), beeswax (14th), and quinces (17th). Cultural experiences in Uruguay include exploring the country's colonial heritage, as found in Colonia del Sacramento. A migration law passed in 2008 gives immigrants the same rights and opportunities that nationals have, with the requisite of proving a monthly income of $650. The two countries disagree on which tributary represents the legitimate source of the Quara/Cuareim River, which would define the border in the latter disputed section, according to the 1851 border treaty between the two countries. WebWife, Julie; four children. Elder Olsen is from Provo, Utah. The country experiences the four seasons, with summer being from December to March and winter from June to September. [66] The absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, makes all locations vulnerable to high winds and rapid changes in weather as fronts or storms sweep across the country. Na severovchod soused s Brazli (dlka hranice je 985 km) a na zpad s Argentinou (579 km). Elder Eddy has degrees in communication and law from Brigham Young University. [134], From 1963 to 1985, an estimated 320,000 Uruguayans emigrated. In 1806 and 1807, the British army attempted to seize Buenos Aires and Montevideo as part of the Napoleonic Wars. Though 90% of Uruguay no longer imports electricity. And the most typical sweet is Alfajor, which is a small cake, filled with Dulce de leche and covered with chocolate or meringue, it comes in various types, fillings, sizes and brands. In exchange, those receiving the benefits were required to participate in community work, ensure that their children attended school daily, and had regular health check-ups. The siege of Montevideo, which began in February 1843, would last nine years. [47] Most were killed in Argentina and other neighboring countries, with 36 of them having been killed in Uruguay. Jos Enrique Rod (18711917), a modernist, is considered Uruguay's most significant literary figure. [121] In 1949, the government nationalized the railways, along with the electric trams and the Montevideo Waterworks Company. [80] Uruguay ranked 27th in the Freedom House "Freedom in the World" index. [66] These storms can be strong; they can bring squalls, hail, and sometimes even tornadoes. The Brazilian intervention in May 1851 on behalf of the Colorados, combined with the uprising, changed the situation and Oribe was defeated. Uruguay is home to people of different ethnic origins. WebUruguay. [53] Despite the severity of the trade shocks, Uruguay's financial indicators remained more stable than those of its neighbours, a reflection of its solid reputation among investors and its investment-grade sovereign bond rating, one of only two in South America. [95], In 1991, the country experienced an increase in strikes to obtain wage compensation to offset inflation and to oppose the privatizations desired by the government of Luis Alberto Lacalle. More Home Reviews Videos Photos About See all We are missionaries for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in the Uruguay Montevideo West Mission July [53] Uruguay terminated the agreement in 2006 following the early repayment of its debt but maintained a number of the policy commitments. WebThe history of Uruguay comprises different periods: the pre-Columbian time or early history (up to the 16th century), the Colonial Period (15161811), the Period of Nation-Building (18111830), and the history of Uruguay as an independent country (1830). Uruguay is divided into 19 departments whose local administrations replicate the division of the executive and legislative powers. [36] It appeared that Montevideo would finally fall when an uprising against Rosas, led by Justo Jos de Urquiza, governor of Argentina's Entre Ros Province, began. [91], In 2017, Uruguay signed the UN treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. The period marked the culmination of a process aimed at a neoliberal reorientation of the country's economy: deindustrialization, pressure on wages, growth of informal work, etc. [73] The members of government are elected for a five-year term by a universal suffrage system. At the time of independence, Uruguay had an estimated population of just under 75,000. Its natural harbor soon developed into a commercial area competing with Ro de la Plata's capital, Buenos Aires. [68] The country experiences extratropical cyclones but no tropical cyclones, due to the fact that the South Atlantic Ocean is rarely warm enough for their development. The country is known for its colonial-era historic districts in Colonia and Montevideo, popular beaches on the Atlantic Coast, and beef productiona former meat processing plant in Fray Bentos is a world heritage site. [84], Construction of a controversial pulp paper mill in 2007, on the Uruguayan side of the Uruguay River, caused protests in Argentina over fears that it would pollute the environment and lead to diplomatic tensions between the two countries. [115] The port of Nueva Palmira is a major regional merchandise transfer point and houses both private and government-run terminals. [161] Freedom of speech and media are guaranteed by the constitution, with qualifications for inciting violence or "insulting the nation". [36] Montevideo rewarded Brazil's support by signing treaties that confirmed Brazil's right to intervene in Uruguay's internal affairs. [25] People of African descent make up an even smaller proportion of the total. In 2004, the Uruguayan musician and actor Jorge Drexler won an Academy Award for composing the song "Al otro lado del ro" from the movie The Motorcycle Diaries, which narrated the life of Che Guevara. [117][118] The London-based magazine Frontier chose the Carrasco International Airport, serving Montevideo, as one of the best four airports in the world in its 27th edition. This page was last edited on 17 January 2023, at 17:27. [138], Uruguay has no official religion; church and state are officially separated,[32] and religious freedom is guaranteed. 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